Goryeo Dynasty

Definition

The Goryeo Dynasty was a Korean kingdom that lasted from 918 to 1392, known for its cultural and political achievements as well as the establishment of a unified Korean identity. It played a significant role in the development of Korean classical literature, especially through its promotion of Buddhism and Confucianism, which influenced literary themes and styles during this period.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Goryeo Dynasty is known for the creation of celadon pottery, which is regarded as one of Korea's most important cultural achievements.
2. During this period, Korean literature flourished with the development of both poetry and prose, significantly influenced by Confucian ideals.
3. The dynasty's ruling elite actively patronized scholars and poets, leading to notable works such as 'The Tale of Hong Gildong', often regarded as Korea's first novel.
4. Goryeo was marked by its encounters with Mongolian invasions in the 13th century, which had profound impacts on its culture and politics.
5. The dynasty ended when it was overthrown by Yi Seong-gye, who established the Joseon Dynasty, which further developed Korean culture and literature.

Review Questions

• How did the Goryeo Dynasty contribute to the development of Korean classical literature?
  • The Goryeo Dynasty significantly influenced Korean classical literature through the patronage of scholars and poets by its ruling elite. The establishment of a centralized government allowed for the promotion of literary works that reflected Confucian ideals and Buddhist themes. Notable literary contributions during this time included poetry, historical writings, and narrative fiction, with works like 'The Tale of Hong Gildong' emerging as landmark texts in Korean literature.
• Analyze the impact of Buddhism on literature during the Goryeo Dynasty and provide examples.
  • Buddhism had a profound influence on literature during the Goryeo Dynasty, shaping thematic elements and stylistic choices in various works. Many literary pieces explored Buddhist concepts such as impermanence and enlightenment, often using allegorical storytelling. The Tripitaka Koreana exemplifies this influence by showcasing how Buddhist texts were integral to both religious practice and literary expression, reflecting the dynasty's commitment to spiritual scholarship.
• Evaluate how the political changes at the end of the Goryeo Dynasty affected its literary legacy.
  • The political changes at the end of the Goryeo Dynasty led to a shift in literary focus as power transitioned to the Joseon Dynasty. The fall of Goryeo brought about an emphasis on Confucianism over Buddhism in governance and society. This transformation influenced literary themes as well; while Goryeo's literature often celebrated Buddhist ideals, Joseon's rise prompted new genres that emphasized moral education and social ethics. Consequently, this shift not only altered the trajectory of Korean literature but also established foundational concepts that would shape future literary developments in Korea.

Related terms

King Taejo: The founder of the Goryeo Dynasty, who unified Korea and established the dynasty's strong central government.

Tripitaka Koreana: A comprehensive collection of Buddhist scriptures carved onto wooden blocks during the Goryeo Dynasty, showcasing the dynasty's commitment to Buddhist scholarship and literature.

Celtic Literature: A term used to refer to literary works from the Celtic regions, which, while not directly related, helps compare cultural literary developments across different regions in history.