Recombinant DNA

Definition

Recombinant DNA is a form of artificial DNA that is created by combining two or more sequences that would not normally occur together. It is often used in genetic engineering to manipulate genes for research, medicine, and biotechnology.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Recombinant DNA technology involves enzymes like restriction endonucleases and ligases to cut and join DNA sequences.
2. Plasmids are commonly used vectors in the creation of recombinant DNA due to their ability to replicate independently within bacterial cells.
3. This technology has been pivotal in the production of insulin, human growth hormone, and other therapeutic proteins.
4. The insertion of recombinant DNA into host cells can be achieved through various methods such as transformation, transduction, or electroporation.
5. Recombinant DNA techniques have enabled advancements in gene therapy, allowing for the correction of defective genes responsible for disease.

Review Questions

• What enzymes are primarily involved in the creation of recombinant DNA?
• Why are plasmids frequently used as vectors in recombinant DNA technology?
• How has recombinant DNA technology impacted the field of medicine?

Related terms

Transformation:

The process by which a cell takes up foreign DNA from its surroundings.

Plasmid:

A small, circular piece of DNA that replicates independently from the chromosomal DNA in bacteria.

Restriction Endonuclease: An enzyme that cuts DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.