Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

Definition

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are proteins on or in cells that identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to initiate an immune response. They play a crucial role in the body's innate immune system by recognizing and responding to microbial invaders.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. PRRs can be membrane-bound or cytoplasmic.
2. Common PRRs include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs).
3. Activation of PRRs leads to the production of cytokines and chemokines, which orchestrate the inflammatory response.
4. PRRs recognize conserved molecular structures on pathogens known as PAMPs.
5. Mutations in PRRs can lead to inappropriate immune responses, contributing to autoimmune diseases.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune system?
• Name three types of pattern recognition receptors.
• How do PRRs contribute to the activation of an inflammatory response?

Related terms

Toll-like Receptors (TLRs): A class of PRRs that recognize PAMPs and activate immune cell responses.

Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs): Conserved structures found on pathogens recognized by PRRs.

Cytokines:

Signaling proteins released by cells, particularly those in the immune system, that affect the behavior of other cells.