Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

Definition

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are proteins on or in cells that recognize and bind to specific molecular patterns found on pathogens. They play a crucial role in the innate immune response by detecting microbial invaders and initiating immune signaling pathways.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. PRRs can be found on the cell surface, within cellular compartments, or secreted into the bloodstream.
2. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as well as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
3. Key types of PRRs include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs).
4. Activation of PRRs leads to the production of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators.
5. PRRs are essential for early detection of infections and help bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses.

Review Questions

• What are pattern recognition receptors and what do they detect?
• Name three types of PRRs and where they are typically located.
• How does the activation of PRRs contribute to the immune response?

Related terms

Toll-like Receptors (TLRs): A type of PRR that recognizes PAMPs on pathogens and activates immune cell responses.

Cytokines:

Signaling proteins released by cells, especially those in the immune system, to communicate and coordinate an immune response.

Adaptive Immune Response: The part of the immune system that adapts specifically to new threats, involving lymphocytes like B cells and T cells.