Ionizing radiation is a type of energy released by atoms that travels in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. It has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions.
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Ionizing radiation includes X-rays, gamma rays, and high-energy particles such as alpha and beta particles.
It can cause mutations in microbial DNA by breaking chemical bonds, leading to changes in the genetic material.
In microbial control, ionizing radiation is used for sterilization and disinfection because it effectively kills bacteria, viruses, and spores.
Commonly used in medical settings and food industry for sterilization purposes due to its ability to penetrate deep into materials.
Exposure to ionizing radiation can be harmful to human health, causing damage to tissues and increasing the risk of cancer.