Gamma rays

Definition

Gamma rays are high-frequency electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelength and highest energy in the electromagnetic spectrum. They can cause mutations in DNA and are used for sterilizing medical equipment.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Gamma rays can penetrate most materials, making them effective for sterilizing microorganisms in medical instruments and food products.
2. Exposure to gamma rays can induce mutations by causing breaks in DNA strands, which affects microbial genetics.
3. Gamma irradiation is a common method for decontaminating laboratory environments to ensure sterile conditions.
4. Due to their high energy, gamma rays require lead or other dense materials for shielding during use.
5. Gamma rays are produced by radioactive decay of atomic nuclei and certain types of nuclear reactions.

Review Questions

• What impact do gamma rays have on the DNA of microorganisms?
• How are gamma rays used in controlling microbial growth?
• What safety precautions must be taken when working with gamma rays?

Related terms

Ultraviolet (UV) Light: A type of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, often used for surface sterilization.

Ionizing Radiation: Radiation that carries enough energy to liberate electrons from atoms or molecules, thereby ionizing them.

Radioactive Decay: The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation, including alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.