Mutation

Definition

A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA. Mutations can occur spontaneously or be induced by external factors.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mutations can be categorized as point mutations, insertions, deletions, and frameshift mutations.
2. Point mutations involve a single nucleotide change and can result in silent, missense, or nonsense mutations.
3. Frameshift mutations occur when nucleotides are inserted or deleted in numbers not divisible by three, altering the reading frame of the gene.
4. Mutagens such as UV light, chemicals, and radiation can increase the rate of mutations.
5. Some mutations are beneficial and contribute to genetic diversity and evolution.

Review Questions

• What are the different types of point mutations and their effects?
• How do frameshift mutations alter the genetic code?
• What are some examples of mutagens that can induce mutations?

Related terms

Genotype:

The genetic makeup of an organism which includes its complete set of genes.

Phenotype:

The observable characteristics or traits of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Mutagenesis:

The process by which genetic information is changed resulting in a mutation.