Genetics

Definition

Genetics is the branch of biology that studies genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. It focuses on how traits are passed from parents to offspring through DNA.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Genes are segments of DNA that code for proteins or functional RNA.
2. The structure of DNA is a double helix formed by base pairs attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone.
3. Mutations in DNA can lead to changes in protein function and result in various genetic disorders.
4. Horizontal gene transfer is a method by which bacteria can acquire genetic material from other organisms.
5. The genome of an organism encompasses all its genetic material, including genes and non-coding sequences.

Review Questions

• What role do genes play in the synthesis of proteins?
• How does horizontal gene transfer contribute to genetic diversity in bacteria?
• What is the significance of mutations within the genome?

Related terms

Gene:

A segment of DNA that contains instructions for building proteins or functional RNA molecules.

Genome:

The complete set of genetic material present in an organism.

Mutation:

A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that may affect how genes function.