Gene

Definition

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or set of proteins. Genes are the basic physical and functional units of heredity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Genes are composed of DNA sequences that can be transcribed into RNA.
2. Each gene occupies a specific locus on a chromosome.
3. Mutations in genes can lead to changes in protein function, which can affect an organism's traits or cause diseases.
4. Genes can be regulated by various mechanisms to ensure proper expression at the right times and in the right cells.
5. In prokaryotes, genes are often organized into operons, allowing coordinated regulation of related genes.

Review Questions

• What is the role of a gene in protein synthesis?
• How can mutations in a gene affect an organism?
• What mechanisms regulate gene expression?

Related terms

Chromosome:

A structure made up of DNA and proteins that contain many genes.

Operon:

A cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter, commonly found in prokaryotes.

Mutation:

A change in the DNA sequence that can alter gene function.