Lithium ion batteries

Definition

Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable electrochemical cells that use lithium ions as the primary component of their electrochemistry. They are widely used in portable electronics and electric vehicles due to their high energy density and efficiency.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Lithium-ion batteries consist of a cathode, an anode, a separator, and an electrolyte.
2. During discharge, lithium ions move from the anode to the cathode through the electrolyte.
3. The most common cathode materials include lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4).
4. Overcharging or short-circuiting can lead to thermal runaway, causing overheating and potentially fires.
5. The standard voltage range for a single lithium-ion cell is typically between 3.0V to 4.2V.

Review Questions

• What materials are commonly used for the cathode in lithium-ion batteries?
• Explain how lithium ions move during the discharge process of a lithium-ion battery.
• What safety concerns are associated with overcharging lithium-ion batteries?

Related terms

Electrolyte: A substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water.

Anode: The electrode in a battery where oxidation occurs and electrons are released during discharge.

Cathode: The electrode in a battery where reduction occurs and electrons are gained during discharge.