Radioactive decay

Definition

Radioactive decay is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation. This can include the release of alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Radioactive decay plays a crucial role in the synthesis of heavy elements during a supernova explosion.
2. The rate of radioactive decay is quantified by its half-life, which is the time it takes for half of a given amount of radioactive isotope to decay.
3. Elements heavier than iron are primarily formed through rapid neutron capture processes (r-process) in supernovae, followed by radioactive decay.
4. Isotopes produced during supernovae can provide insights into the age and distance of these stellar events through their specific decay rates.
5. One key observable effect of radioactive decay in supernova remnants is the emission of gamma rays, which helps astronomers study the composition and mechanics of these explosions.

Review Questions

• What role does radioactive decay play in the synthesis of heavy elements during a supernova?
• How is the rate of radioactive decay quantified?
• Why are gamma rays important when studying supernova remnants?

Related terms

Supernova:

A powerful and luminous explosion that occurs at the end of a star's lifecycle, leading to the creation and dispersal of heavy elements.

Half-Life: The time required for half of a sample of a radioactive substance to undergo decay and transform into another element or isotope.

Gamma Rays:

High-energy electromagnetic waves emitted from atomic nuclei during radioactive decay, particularly significant in astronomical observations.