Gamma rays

Definition

Gamma rays are the highest-energy form of electromagnetic radiation, with frequencies above 10^19 Hz and wavelengths shorter than 10 picometers. They are produced by nuclear reactions, such as those occurring in stars or during radioactive decay.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Gamma rays have the shortest wavelength and the highest frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum.
2. They can penetrate most materials, making them useful for medical imaging and treatments but also hazardous to living tissues.
3. Gamma rays are often produced by astronomical events such as supernovae, neutron star collisions, and black hole activity.
4. Detection of gamma rays from space requires specialized instruments because Earth's atmosphere absorbs them.
5. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most energetic events known in the universe, possibly linked to supernova explosions or mergers of binary star systems.

Review Questions

• What type of electromagnetic radiation has frequencies above 10^19 Hz?
• Why are gamma rays significant in both medical applications and astrophysics?
• How do astronomers detect gamma rays from cosmic sources?

Related terms

X-rays:

Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths shorter than ultraviolet light but longer than gamma rays, used for medical imaging.

Electromagnetic Spectrum:

The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation ordered by wavelength or frequency.

Supernova:

A stellar explosion that may produce significant amounts of gamma rays as a result of nuclear reactions.