Pituitary gland

Definition

The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized organ located at the base of the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating various hormones. It is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it controls other endocrine glands in the body.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The pituitary gland has two main parts: the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe, each responsible for producing different hormones.
2. Hormones produced by the anterior lobe include growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
3. The posterior lobe releases oxytocin and vasopressin, which are actually produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary until needed.
4. Dysfunction of the pituitary gland can lead to serious conditions such as gigantism, dwarfism, and diabetes insipidus.
5. The pituitary gland works closely with the hypothalamus, which sends it signals to release or inhibit hormone production.

Review Questions

• What are the two main parts of the pituitary gland and what are their primary functions?
• Name three hormones produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
• How does dysfunction in the pituitary gland affect human health?

Related terms

Hypothalamus: A region of the brain that controls many bodily functions, including temperature regulation and hormone release from the pituitary gland.

Thyroid Gland: An endocrine gland located in the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism.

Adrenal Glands: Small glands located on top of each kidney that produce various hormones including adrenaline and cortisol.