Thyroid gland

Definition

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine organ located in the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. It plays a critical role in controlling the body's metabolic rate through the release of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The thyroid gland produces two main hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
2. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland regulates the production of T4 and T3.
3. Iodine is an essential component for thyroid hormone synthesis.
4. Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland is underactive, leading to symptoms like fatigue and weight gain.
5. Hyperthyroidism results from an overactive thyroid gland, causing symptoms such as rapid heartbeat and weight loss.

Review Questions

• What are the primary hormones produced by the thyroid gland?
• How does iodine contribute to thyroid function?
• What are common symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Related terms

Pituitary Gland: The master endocrine gland that regulates various bodily functions including growth and metabolism by secreting hormones.

Hypothalamus: A brain region that controls many autonomic functions and links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.

Parathyroid Glands: Small glands located behind the thyroid that regulate calcium levels in the blood through parathyroid hormone secretion.