key term - Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
Definition
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are conserved molecular structures found on the surface of many pathogens. They are recognized by the innate immune system as foreign, triggering an immune response.
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PAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on immune cells.
Common examples of PAMPs include lipopolysaccharides (LPS), flagellin, and peptidoglycan.
The detection of PAMPs is a crucial first step in activating the innate immune response.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a major class of PRRs that detect PAMPs.
PAMPs can trigger inflammation, phagocytosis, and other defense mechanisms.
Review Questions
Related terms
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs): Proteins on or in cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs.
Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs): A class of PRRs involved in recognizing pathogens and activating immune responses.
Innate Immune Response: The initial, non-specific defense mechanism against pathogens.
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