key term - Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

Definition

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are conserved molecular structures found on the surface of many pathogens. These patterns are recognized by the innate immune system, triggering an immune response.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. PAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on host cells.
2. Common examples of PAMPs include lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in gram-negative bacteria and peptidoglycan in gram-positive bacteria.
3. The recognition of PAMPs is crucial for initiating phagocytosis and other immune responses.
4. PAMPs are evolutionarily conserved and not typically found in host organisms, making them ideal targets for the immune system.
5. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a major class of PRRs that detect PAMPs.

Review Questions

Related terms

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs): Proteins on or in host cells that recognize PAMPs and initiate an immune response.

Toll-like Receptors (TLRs): A type of PRR that detects specific components of pathogens such as bacterial cell wall components.

Phagocytosis:

The process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles, often initiated by the recognition of PAMPs.