Opsonization

Definition

Opsonization is a process by which pathogens are marked for ingestion and destruction by phagocytes. This enhances the efficiency of the immune response by facilitating the binding of pathogens to immune cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Opsonization involves the coating of pathogens with opsonins, such as antibodies or complement proteins.
2. Phagocytes have receptors that specifically recognize opsonins, making it easier for them to engulf and destroy pathogens.
3. The main opsonins in the immune system are immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complement component C3b.
4. Opsonization is a crucial mechanism in both innate and adaptive immunity, bridging these two arms of the immune system.
5. Deficiencies in opsonization can lead to increased susceptibility to infections.

Review Questions

• What role do opsonins play in the process of opsonization?
• Which molecules act as major opsonins in the human immune system?
• How does opsonization enhance the efficiency of phagocytosis?

Related terms

Phagocytosis:

The process by which cells, particularly phagocytes, engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris.

Complement System: A group of proteins that work together to enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism.

Antibody: A protein produced by B cells that binds specifically to an antigen, neutralizing it or marking it for destruction by other components of the immune system.