Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Definition

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. It serves as a template for translating genetic code into amino acids, forming proteins.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. mRNA is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus and then travels to the cytoplasm.
2. The sequence of nucleotides in mRNA determines the specific order of amino acids in a protein.
3. mRNA contains codons, which are sequences of three nucleotides that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during translation.
4. The synthesis of mRNA involves enzymes such as RNA polymerase.
5. mRNA undergoes processing steps like splicing, capping, and polyadenylation before it can be translated into a protein.

Review Questions

• What role does mRNA play in protein synthesis?
• How is mRNA processed before it leaves the nucleus?
• What are codons and how do they function in mRNA?

Related terms

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a double-stranded molecule that stores genetic information used for the development and functioning of living organisms.

Ribosome: A cellular structure that facilitates the translation of mRNA into proteins by linking amino acids together.

tRNA:

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is an adaptor molecule that helps decode an mRNA sequence into a protein by carrying specific amino acids to the ribosome.