Hypoglycemia

Definition

Hypoglycemia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of blood glucose (sugar). It is commonly associated with diabetes treatment but can occur in other situations affecting glucose regulation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hypoglycemia is usually defined when blood glucose levels drop below 70 mg/dL.
2. Common symptoms include shakiness, sweating, confusion, and irritability due to the brain's reliance on glucose for energy.
3. Insulin overdose in diabetic patients is a leading cause of hypoglycemia.
4. The body counteracts hypoglycemia through hormones like glucagon and adrenaline that raise blood sugar levels.
5. Severe hypoglycemia can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, and even death if not promptly treated.

Review Questions

• What are the common symptoms of hypoglycemia?
• Which hormone primarily counteracts the effects of hypoglycemia?
• Why might insulin treatments cause hypoglycemia in diabetic patients?

Related terms

Glucagon: A hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown.

Insulin:

A hormone produced by the pancreas that facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells, lowering blood glucose levels.

Diabetes Mellitus: A metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion or action.