Electrolytes

Definition

Electrolytes are minerals that carry an electric charge and are essential for various physiological functions. They help regulate nerve and muscle function, hydrate the body, balance blood acidity and pressure, and rebuild damaged tissues.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Electrolytes include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate.
2. They are crucial for maintaining the body's fluid balance and are found in blood, urine, tissues, and other body fluids.
3. Electrolytes conduct electrical impulses that enable muscle contractions and nerve signaling.
4. Imbalances in electrolyte levels can lead to serious health issues such as dehydration, kidney disease, or cardiac arrest.
5. The kidneys play a key role in regulating electrolyte levels by filtering excess amounts out of the bloodstream.

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of electrolytes in the human body?
• Name at least three common electrolytes found in the body.
• Why is it important for the kidneys to regulate electrolyte levels?

Related terms

Ion:

Atoms or molecules with an electrical charge due to loss or gain of electrons.

Isotope: Variants of a particular chemical element that differ in neutron number.

Molecule: A group of atoms bonded together representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.