Electrolytes

Definition

Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, allowing the solution to conduct electricity. Common examples include salts, acids, and bases.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Electrolytes can be classified as strong or weak based on their degree of ionization in water.
2. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate into ions, while weak electrolytes only partially dissociate.
3. The conductivity of an electrolyte solution depends on the concentration and mobility of the ions present.
4. Common strong electrolytes include sodium chloride (NaCl) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), whereas acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a weak electrolyte.
5. Electrolyte solutions are essential for various biological processes and industrial applications.

Review Questions

• What distinguishes a strong electrolyte from a weak electrolyte?
• How do electrolytes enable a solution to conduct electricity?
• Provide two examples of strong electrolytes and one example of a weak electrolyte.

Related terms

Ion: An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

Dissociation: The process by which molecules split into smaller particles such as atoms, ions, or radicals, usually in a reversible manner.

Conductivity: A measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current; in solutions, it depends on the presence and movement of ions.