Cushing’s disease

Definition

Cushing's disease is a condition caused by an excess of cortisol due to a pituitary adenoma producing too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This hormonal imbalance affects various body processes, leading to significant clinical symptoms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cushing's disease results from a pituitary adenoma secreting excessive ACTH.
2. Common symptoms include weight gain, especially in the face and abdomen, high blood pressure, and skin changes like bruising easily.
3. Diagnosis often involves measuring cortisol levels in the blood, urine, or saliva, and imaging studies of the pituitary gland.
4. Treatment options may include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, and medications to inhibit cortisol production.
5. If left untreated, Cushing's disease can lead to serious complications such as diabetes, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases.

Review Questions

Related terms

Cortisol:

a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate metabolism, immune response, and stress levels

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol

Pituitary Adenoma: a usually benign tumor in the pituitary gland that can alter hormone production