Cortical nephrons

Definition

Cortical nephrons are the functional units of the kidney located primarily in the renal cortex. They play a crucial role in filtering blood and maintaining osmotic balance by reabsorbing water and solutes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cortical nephrons make up about 85% of all nephrons in the human kidney.
2. They have shorter loops of Henle compared to juxtamedullary nephrons.
3. These nephrons are primarily involved in reabsorbing nutrients and water from the filtrate back into the bloodstream.
4. Cortical nephrons help maintain electrolyte balance by selectively reabsorbing ions like sodium and potassium.
5. They contribute to urine concentration but to a lesser extent than juxtamedullary nephrons due to their shorter loops.

Review Questions

• What percentage of nephrons in the human kidney are cortical nephrons?
• How do cortical nephrons differ from juxtamedullary nephrons in terms of their loop of Henle?
• What is one primary function of cortical nephrons related to electrolyte balance?

Related terms

Juxtamedullary Nephron: A type of nephron with longer loops of Henle that extend deep into the medulla, aiding in concentrated urine formation.

Loop of Henle: The U-shaped part of a nephron that plays a key role in concentrating urine and conserving water.

Glomerulus: A network of capillaries within Bowman's capsule where blood filtration begins.