U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C.

Definition

The U.S. Capitol is the home of the United States Congress and a symbol of the American people and their government. Located atop Capitol Hill, it plays a central role in the legislative process and represents the enduring nature of democracy as the country was shaping its new republic after independence.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Construction of the U.S. Capitol began in 1793 and took several decades to complete, with significant expansions occurring over time to accommodate the growing government.
2. The Capitol has been the site of important historical events, including presidential inaugurations and significant legislation that shaped the nation.
3. Its iconic dome, completed in 1866, was a major architectural achievement and serves as a symbol of unity and democracy.
4. The building houses not only the chambers of Congress but also numerous offices, committee rooms, and halls that host public events and ceremonies.
5. The Capitol's design reflects neoclassical architecture, which was meant to evoke the democratic ideals of ancient Greece and Rome.

Review Questions

• How does the U.S. Capitol serve as a symbol of democracy in the context of shaping a new republic?
  • The U.S. Capitol embodies the principles of democracy and governance in the new republic by being the location where elected representatives come together to create laws. Its design and location symbolize the nation's commitment to democratic ideals, reflecting how power resides with the people through their representatives. As a central gathering place for Congress, it represents both the struggles and successes in establishing a functional government after independence.
• Discuss the significance of architectural elements in the U.S. Capitol that relate to its role in American governance.
  • The architectural elements of the U.S. Capitol, particularly its neoclassical style, are significant because they reflect the ideals of democracy and republicanism drawn from ancient Greece and Rome. The grand dome symbolizes unity and hope, while its imposing façade conveys authority and stability. This design choice highlights the aspirations of a new nation aiming to establish itself as a beacon of freedom and governance, while also serving practical functions for legislative processes.
• Evaluate how changes in Congress's size and structure have influenced the development of the U.S. Capitol over time.
  • As the United States expanded, so did Congress, which necessitated changes to the U.S. Capitol's size and structure to accommodate an increasing number of legislators and staff. Initially designed for a smaller body, expansions such as additional wings and renovations allowed for better functionality and representation as states joined the Union. These adaptations reflect not only practical needs but also symbolize an evolving democracy that has had to adapt to its growing population and diverse interests over time.

Related terms

Congress:

The bicameral legislature of the United States, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives, responsible for making federal laws.

Capitol Hill: The hill in Washington, D.C., where the U.S. Capitol is located; it is also a metonym for the U.S. Congress itself.

Federalism:

A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, such as states.