Cherokee Nation

Definition

The Cherokee Nation is a Native American tribe originally from the southeastern United States, recognized for its complex society, rich culture, and governance. In the context of early American history, the Cherokee Nation represents both the resilience of Native American societies before European influence and the tragic impact of federal policies during the 19th century, particularly under Andrew Jackson's administration.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Cherokee Nation established a written constitution in 1827, showcasing their efforts to create a formal government similar to that of the United States.
2. The Cherokee people developed a syllabary created by Sequoyah, which allowed them to read and write in their own language, greatly enhancing their literacy and cultural preservation.
3. Despite attempts at assimilation and coexistence with European settlers, the Cherokee faced increasing pressure from land-hungry settlers and government policies aimed at removal.
4. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 led to the forced relocation of thousands of Cherokees, culminating in the horrific Trail of Tears during which many died from disease, exposure, and starvation.
5. The legal battles fought by the Cherokee Nation in cases like Worcester v. Georgia (1832) highlighted their struggle for sovereignty and recognition against state encroachments.

Review Questions

• How did the Cherokee Nation demonstrate resilience and adaptability in response to European colonization?
  • The Cherokee Nation showcased resilience by establishing a written constitution in 1827 and developing a syllabary by Sequoyah to promote literacy among their people. They attempted to adapt to European customs by adopting elements of American governance and economy while striving to maintain their cultural identity. This adaptability was a crucial strategy for survival in a rapidly changing environment marked by European expansion.
• Discuss the significance of the Indian Removal Act on the Cherokee Nation and how it reflected broader attitudes toward Native Americans during Jackson's presidency.
  • The Indian Removal Act was significant for the Cherokee Nation as it paved the way for their forced relocation from ancestral lands, leading to the devastating Trail of Tears. This act reflected broader attitudes during Jackson's presidency that viewed Native Americans as obstacles to westward expansion. The government's push for removal not only disregarded treaties but also highlighted the lack of recognition for Native American rights and sovereignty, revealing a pattern of displacement and injustice.
• Evaluate how the legal challenges faced by the Cherokee Nation influenced their fight for sovereignty in the 19th century.
  • The legal challenges faced by the Cherokee Nation, particularly in cases like Worcester v. Georgia, were pivotal in influencing their fight for sovereignty. These cases underscored the complexities of federal versus state authority and brought national attention to Native American rights. Despite ultimately leading to their forced removal, these legal battles established a precedent for future advocacy efforts, emphasizing the importance of legal frameworks in negotiating sovereignty amidst systemic pressures from both state and federal governments.

Related terms

Trail of Tears:

The forced relocation of the Cherokee Nation and other tribes from their ancestral homelands to designated Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma, resulting in significant suffering and loss of life.

Indian Removal Act:

A law enacted in 1830 that authorized the forced removal of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands in the southeastern United States to territories west of the Mississippi River.

Sovereignty: The concept of a tribe's authority to govern itself and manage its own affairs, including laws and governance structures, often challenged by federal policies.