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Independent Variables

Definition

Independent variables are factors or conditions that researchers manipulate or change in an experiment. They have a direct effect on the dependent variable and allow researchers to observe cause-and-effect relationships.

Analogy

Imagine independent variables as "drivers" who control where a car goes. Just like drivers steer and determine where a car will end up, independent variables steer and determine what happens with the dependent variable.

Related terms

Dependent Variables: Dependent variables are the outcomes or results that are being measured or observed in an experiment. They depend on the independent variable and can change as a result of its manipulation.

Controlled Variables: Controlled variables, also called constant variables, refer to factors in an experiment that remain consistent throughout all conditions. By keeping these factors unchanged, researchers can isolate the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable.

Categorical Variables: Categorical variables are types of independent variables that represent different categories or groups rather than numerical values. For example, gender (male/female) is a categorical independent variable.