This refers to the deliberate and intentional manipulation of district boundaries so as to advantage or disadvantage certain racial or ethnic groups politically.
Think about a game where you can change the rules midway to favor your team. If you alter these rules based on players' characteristics (like their height), it's similar to racial gerrymandering - changing district lines based on race/ethnicity for political gain.
Partisan Gerrymandering: The practice of dividing a region into electoral districts with the aim of giving one political party an unfair advantage over its rivals.
Baker v. Carr (1962): A landmark Supreme Court case that decided redistricting issues present justiciable questions, thus enabling federal courts to intervene in and decide redistricting cases.
Shaw v. Reno (1993): A Supreme Court case ruling that redistricting based on race must be held under strict scrutiny under equal protection clause.
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