Incumbent election rates refer to how often incumbents (current office holders) are re-elected.
Consider incumbent election rates as being similar to renewal rates for a popular TV show. If people love the show (or politician), they'll want another season (or term).
Incumbency Advantage: The advantages held by those already in office, such as name recognition and access to resources. It’s like when a TV show has high ratings; its popularity gives it an advantage over new shows trying to break into prime time slots.
Challenger: This is someone who runs against an incumbent in an election. They're like a new TV series trying to take over the popular show's time slot.
Turnout: This refers to the number of people who vote in an election. It’s like TV ratings - just as high ratings indicate a lot of viewers, high turnout indicates a lot of voters.
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