Modern-day governments refer to the systems of governance that exist in present times, characterized by a division of powers, institutions, and processes through which a country or state is ruled and policies are implemented.
Separation of Powers: This term refers to the division of governmental powers among three separate branches - executive, legislative, and judicial - in order to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.
Democracy: Democracy is a form of government where power rests with the people who participate directly or through elected representatives in decision-making processes.
Constitution: A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. It outlines the structure and powers of government as well as individual rights and liberties.