Soil horizons are distinct layers or zones within soil profiles that have different physical and chemical properties. These horizons form as a result of various processes such as weathering, organic matter accumulation, leaching, and mineral deposition.
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Leaching is the process by which water carries dissolved substances (such as minerals) from one layer of soil to another deeper layer.
Organic Matter Accumulation: Organic matter accumulation refers to the build-up of decomposed plant and animal materials in the soil, which contributes to its fertility and nutrient content.