Clean Water Act (CWA)

Definition

The Clean Water Act (CWA) is a federal law enacted in 1972 that regulates pollution discharges into U.S. waters with the goal of maintaining and restoring the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of these waters. It sets standards for wastewater treatment plants, controls point source pollution from industries, and protects wetlands.

Related terms

Point source pollution: Point source pollution refers to contaminants that enter water bodies from specific identifiable sources such as factories or sewage treatment plants. These sources can be regulated and monitored to reduce pollution.

Nonpoint source pollution: Nonpoint source pollution refers to pollutants that enter water bodies from diffuse sources, such as agricultural runoff or urban stormwater. It is challenging to control because it comes from multiple, widespread origins.

Wetlands:

Wetlands are areas where the land is saturated with water either permanently or seasonally. They play a vital role in filtering pollutants, preventing floods, and providing habitat for various plant and animal species.