Allopatric speciation occurs when a population of organisms is separated by a physical barrier, such as a mountain range or body of water, leading to the formation of new species over time.
Imagine two groups of friends who live in different neighborhoods and rarely interact. Over time, they develop distinct interests and characteristics that make them unique from each other.
Geographic isolation: The physical separation of populations due to geographical barriers.
Reproductive isolation: The inability of individuals from different populations to successfully mate and produce fertile offspring.
Genetic drift: Random changes in gene frequencies within a population due to chance events.
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