Transparency International: Transparency International is an organization that monitors and ranks countries based on their levels of corruption. They produce an annual Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) which measures perceived levels of public sector corruption worldwide.
Rent-seeking: Rent-seeking refers to individuals or groups seeking economic benefits through political influence rather than productive activities. It often involves using corrupt practices to gain advantages such as monopolies or favorable regulations.
Clientelism:Clientelism is a form of corruption where politicians exchange favors, resources, or services for political support from individuals or interest groups. It creates patron-client relationships that can undermine democratic processes and accountability.