1. Why did the Truman administration establish the Loyalty Review Board in 1947 and what were its consequences?
A. Prosecutions Under the Smith Act
1. What did the Smith Act of 1940 make illegal and how did the Supreme Court rule on it in Dennis v. United States?
B. McCarran Internal Security Act (1950)
1. What were the three main provisions of the McCarran Internal Security Act and why did Truman oppose it?
C. Un-American Activities
1. What was the purpose of the House Un-American Activities Committee and what industries did it investigate?
2. What happened to witnesses who refused to testify before HUAC and what was blacklisting?
D. Cultural Impact
1. How did the Red Scare affect freedom of expression in American culture and what types of artists were targeted?
2. How did artists like Arthur Miller and Lillian Hellman respond to government persecution of suspected Communists?
1. What real espionage cases supported American fears of Communist conspiracy and what civil liberties concerns did they raise?
A. Hiss Case
1. Who was Alger Hiss and what were the accusations against him, and what was the outcome of his trial?
2. What role did Whittaker Chambers and Richard Nixon play in the Hiss case?
B. Rosenberg Case
1. Why did Americans believe Soviet atomic bomb development was aided by spies and what evidence connected the Rosenbergs to espionage?
2. What was the outcome of the Rosenberg trial and what criticisms did civil rights groups raise about it?
1. How did Joseph McCarthy use anti-Communist sentiment to advance his political career and gain power?
A. McCarthy's Tactics
1. What methods did McCarthy use to maintain public attention and influence, and why did politicians fear him?
2. Why did working-class Americans initially support McCarthy despite his unproven accusations?
B. Army-McCarthy Hearings
1. What happened during the 1954 televised Army-McCarthy hearings and how did public perception of McCarthy change?
2. What was the outcome of the Senate hearings and what did it signal about the Red Scare?
C. Decline of the Red Scare
1. Why did the Red Scare decline after the mid-1950s and what factors contributed to Americans moving past the fear of communism?
2. What lasting impact did McCarthyism have on American democracy and political discourse?
Second Red Scare
Loyalty Review Board
Dennis et al. v. United States
Smith Act (1940)
McCarran Internal Security Act (1950)
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
Whittaker Chambers
Alger Hiss
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Joseph McCarthy
McCarthyism