AP US History AMSCO Guided Notes

8.3: The Red Scare

AP US History Guided Notes

AMSCO 8.3 - The Red Scare

Learning Objectives

  1. Explain the causes and effects of the Red Scare after World War II.
I. Rooting Out Communists

1. Why did the Truman administration establish the Loyalty Review Board in 1947 and what were its consequences?

A. Prosecutions Under the Smith Act

1. What did the Smith Act of 1940 make illegal and how did the Supreme Court rule on it in Dennis v. United States?

B. McCarran Internal Security Act (1950)

1. What were the three main provisions of the McCarran Internal Security Act and why did Truman oppose it?

C. Un-American Activities

1. What was the purpose of the House Un-American Activities Committee and what industries did it investigate?

2. What happened to witnesses who refused to testify before HUAC and what was blacklisting?

D. Cultural Impact

1. How did the Red Scare affect freedom of expression in American culture and what types of artists were targeted?

2. How did artists like Arthur Miller and Lillian Hellman respond to government persecution of suspected Communists?

II. Espionage Cases

1. What real espionage cases supported American fears of Communist conspiracy and what civil liberties concerns did they raise?

A. Hiss Case

1. Who was Alger Hiss and what were the accusations against him, and what was the outcome of his trial?

2. What role did Whittaker Chambers and Richard Nixon play in the Hiss case?

B. Rosenberg Case

1. Why did Americans believe Soviet atomic bomb development was aided by spies and what evidence connected the Rosenbergs to espionage?

2. What was the outcome of the Rosenberg trial and what criticisms did civil rights groups raise about it?

III. The Rise and Fall of Joseph McCarthy

1. How did Joseph McCarthy use anti-Communist sentiment to advance his political career and gain power?

A. McCarthy's Tactics

1. What methods did McCarthy use to maintain public attention and influence, and why did politicians fear him?

2. Why did working-class Americans initially support McCarthy despite his unproven accusations?

B. Army-McCarthy Hearings

1. What happened during the 1954 televised Army-McCarthy hearings and how did public perception of McCarthy change?

2. What was the outcome of the Senate hearings and what did it signal about the Red Scare?

C. Decline of the Red Scare

1. Why did the Red Scare decline after the mid-1950s and what factors contributed to Americans moving past the fear of communism?

2. What lasting impact did McCarthyism have on American democracy and political discourse?

Key Terms

Second Red Scare

Loyalty Review Board

Dennis et al. v. United States

Smith Act (1940)

McCarran Internal Security Act (1950)

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

Whittaker Chambers

Alger Hiss

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Joseph McCarthy

McCarthyism