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AP US History AMSCO Guided Notes

1.6: Cultural Interactions in the Americas

AP US History
AMSCO Guided Notes
1.1 Contextualizing Period 1
1.2 Native American Societies Before European Contact
1.3 European Exploration in the Americas
1.4 Columbian Exchange, Spanish Exploration, and Conquest
1.5 Labor, Slavery, and Caste in the Spanish Colonial System
1.6 Cultural Interactions in the Americas
1.7 Causation in Period 1

AP US History Guided Notes

AMSCO 1.6 - Cultural Interactions in the Americas

Learning Objectives

  1. Explain how and why European and Native American perspectives of others developed and changed in the period.
I. European Treatment of Native Americans

1. What were the conflicting worldviews between Europeans and Native Americans regarding religion, gender roles, and land use?

2. How did Europeans generally view Native Americans and what did they seek to do with them?

A. Spanish Policy

1. Who was Bartolomé de Las Casas and what changes did he advocate for regarding Native American treatment?

2. What were the New Laws of 1542 and why did conservative Spaniards oppose them?

3. What were the main arguments presented by Las Casas and Sepúlveda in the Valladolid Debate?

B. English Policy

1. Why did the English colonists have different interactions with Native Americans compared to the Spanish?

2. How did English-Native American relations change from initial contact to the later colonial period?

3. What cultural and economic contributions did Native Americans make to English settlers?

C. French Policy

1. What were the French primary economic and religious goals in the Americas and how did this shape their relations with Native Americans?

2. Why did the French maintain better relations with Native Americans than the Spanish and English did?

II. Survival Strategies by Native Americans

1. What strategies did Native Americans use to respond to European expansion and settlement?

2. Why did Native Americans struggle to mount a unified resistance to European colonization?

3. How did European pressure eventually change Native American identity and tribal loyalty?

III. The Role of Africans in America

1. What cultural and economic contributions did Africans make to the Americas?

2. How did Europeans justify slavery and what arguments did they use to support enslaving Africans?

Key Terms

New Laws of 1542

Bartolomé de Las Casas

Valladolid Debate

Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda