AP Microeconomics AMSCO Guided Notes

2.3: Price Elasticity of Demand

AP Microeconomics Guided Notes

AMSCO 2.3 - Price Elasticity of Demand

Essential Questions

  1. How do economists measure the responsiveness of demand after a change in a product's price?
I. Price Elasticity of Demand

1. What is price elasticity of demand and why do economists use it?

2. How does price elastic demand differ from price inelastic demand?

3. Why does the law of demand alone not fully explain consumer behavior?

II. Calculating the Price Elasticity of Demand

A. Calculating the Price Elasticity of Demand

1. What is the formula for calculating price elasticity of demand?

2. How do you interpret an elasticity coefficient greater than 1 versus less than 1?

3. Why do economists report elasticity values as positive numbers even when price and quantity move in opposite directions?

III. Applying Price Elasticity of Demand

A. Applying Price Elasticity of Demand

1. How should a business use elasticity information when deciding whether to raise or lower prices?

2. Why might a dairy farmer be unable to raise milk prices significantly despite inelastic demand?

IV. Factors That Influence the Price Elasticity of Demand

A. Nature of the Product

1. How does whether a product is perceived as essential versus a luxury affect its price elasticity?

B. Availability of Substitutes

1. How does the availability of close substitutes affect the price elasticity of demand for a product?

C. Proportion of Income Spent on Goods

1. Why does the proportion of income spent on a good influence its price elasticity?

D. Time Elapsed Since Price Change

1. How did the oil price increases of the 1970s demonstrate the relationship between time and elasticity?

V. Five Categories of Price Elasticity of Demand

A. Elastic

1. What does it mean for demand to be elastic and what is the elasticity coefficient range?

B. Inelastic

1. What does it mean for demand to be inelastic and what is the elasticity coefficient range?

C. Perfectly Elastic

1. What is perfectly elastic demand and what happens to quantity demanded when price changes?

D. Perfectly Inelastic

1. What is perfectly inelastic demand and how would it appear on a demand curve?

E. Unit Elastic

1. What is unit elastic demand and what is the relationship between price and quantity changes?

VI. Total Revenue and Elasticity

1. What is total revenue and how is it calculated?

A. Price Effect and Quantity Effect

1. What is the price effect and how does it influence total revenue when price increases?

2. What is the quantity effect and how does it influence total revenue when price increases?

3. How do price effect and quantity effect determine whether total revenue increases or decreases with a price change?

4. How does elasticity type affect total revenue when prices increase?

B. Applying Price Elasticity of Demand

1. How would a Broadway touring company use price elasticity to maximize revenue based on critical reviews?

Key Terms

elasticity

price elasticity of demand

elastic

inelastic

variable

discretionary purchase

perfectly elastic

perfectly inelastic

unit elastic

total revenue

price effect

quantity effect