AP Macroeconomics AMSCO Guided Notes

4.4: Banking and the Expansion of the Money Supply

AP Macroeconomics
AMSCO Guided Notes

AP Macroeconomics Guided Notes

AMSCO 4.4 - Banking and the Expansion of the Money Supply

Essential Questions

  1. What role does the banking system play in the expansion of the money supply?
I. Types of Depository Institutions

1. How can the total money supply be much larger than the total amount of currency in circulation?

A. Commercial Banks

1. What are commercial banks and why do they dominate the banking sector?

2. What services do commercial banks offer that distinguish them from other depository institutions?

B. Thrift Institutions

1. What was the original purpose of thrift institutions and what restrictions do they face today?

2. What are the two major types of thrift institutions and how did deregulation affect savings and loan associations?

C. Credit Unions

1. What are credit unions and what advantages do they have as nonprofit organizations?

II. The Business of Banking

1. What is the primary function of banks and how does deposit insurance protect depositors?

A. Depository Accounts

1. What are the main types of depository accounts and how do checking accounts differ from savings accounts?

2. What methods do customers use to access funds from their accounts and make electronic payments?

3. How do money market accounts and certificates of deposit differ from basic savings accounts?

B. Loans and Other Services

1. How do banks make most of their money and what is the difference between secured and unsecured loans?

2. What additional financial services do banks offer beyond accepting deposits and making loans?

III. Reading a Balance Sheet

A. Assets

1. What are the main categories of assets on a bank's balance sheet and how does each contribute to the bank's operations?

B. Liabilities and Net Worth

1. What are the main liabilities on a bank's balance sheet and how is net worth calculated?

IV. The Federal Reserve System and the Money Supply

1. What is the Federal Reserve System and what is its primary responsibility?

A. Reserve Requirements

1. What is the reserve requirement and how does it affect a bank's ability to make loans?

2. What are the current reserve requirements for different sizes of banks and what is excess reserves?

B. How Banks Create Money

1. How does the fractional reserve banking system allow banks to expand the money supply?

2. What is the money multiplier and how is it calculated from the reserve ratio?

3. Why is the actual amount of money created often less than the money multiplier predicts?

Key Terms

depository institutions

commercial banks

savings and loan associations

credit unions

deposits

checks

ATM

electronic funds transfer

withdrawals

balance sheet

Federal Reserve System

reserve requirement

reserve ratio

excess reserves

fractional reserve banking

money multiplier