1. What technological advances characterized the Industrial Revolution and how did they change manufacturing?

2. How did the shift from cottage industries to factory production affect where people lived and worked?

3. Why do cottage industries remain important in less-developed countries today?

1. What was the geographic pattern of industrialization diffusion from Great Britain to other regions?

2. What three main factors did investors consider when choosing factory locations during early industrialization?

3. How did improvements in transportation and electricity change factory location decisions?

1. How did the growth of cities and factories reinforce each other during industrialization?

2. What public health problems resulted from rapid urban growth and how did governments respond?

3. How did industrialization change the class structure of society and expand the middle class?

4. What were the different experiences of rural landowners, urban workers, and the middle class during industrialization?

1. How did improvements in intra-urban transportation allow cities to grow both horizontally and vertically?

2. What technological developments enabled the construction of taller buildings in cities?

1. What resources and economic benefits did industrialized countries seek from their colonies?

2. How did imperialism increase the wealth gap between industrialized and nonindustrialized countries?

1. Where was the industrial belt located and what geographic features made these regions suitable for manufacturing?

2. What is deindustrialization and why has it occurred in core countries since the late 1900s?

3. Why do manufacturing companies transfer production to semiperiphery countries?

4. What are rust belts and what economic challenges do they face?

1. What are the five economic sectors and what types of work does each include?

2. How do quaternary and quinary sectors differ from the three traditional sectors?

1. How has the distribution of workers across economic sectors changed as the United States industrialized?

2. What does it mean for an economy to become postindustrial?

3. How do the labor force compositions of Ethiopia, China, and the United States reflect different levels of development?

1. What is the multiplier effect and why does the secondary sector have the greatest multiplier effect?

2. How does the reverse multiplier effect impact communities when manufacturing plants close?

3. What challenges do displaced manufacturing workers face when transitioning to quaternary sector jobs?

1. What is locational analysis and why is it important for understanding economic geography?

1. What three factors did Weber identify as key to minimizing factory location costs?

2. What is agglomeration economies and how does it influence factory location decisions?

1. How does the locational triangle model help explain where factories should be located relative to raw materials and markets?

2. What is the difference between bulk-reducing and bulk-gaining industries and how does this affect factory location?

3. Why do food processing facilities often locate in agricultural states like Iowa?

1. What are the main limitations of Weber's least cost model compared to real-world conditions?

2. How do factors like automation, labor mobility, and globalization affect the accuracy of Weber's model?

1. Why do labor-oriented industries try to locate near communities with available workforces?

2. Where do high-tech companies typically locate and why?

1. How did different energy sources—water, coal, and electricity—influence factory location decisions over time?

2. Why is aluminum production considered an energy-oriented industry and where does it typically locate?

1. How has containerization reduced transportation costs and expanded global trade networks?

2. What is the break of bulk and how does containerization address this challenge?

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of different transportation modes for moving goods?

1. How do government policies and political stability influence factory location decisions?

2. What incentives do governments offer to attract businesses to specific locations?

1. How do primary, secondary, and tertiary location factors differ in determining where to build a manufacturing facility?

2. What factors at the national, regional, and local scales influence the location of a factory in the United States?

1. How do Lösch's and Hotelling's models differ from Weber's assumptions about business location decisions?

1. Why can online businesses and call centers be considered footloose industries?

2. What is the difference between front offices and back offices and why do companies separate them?

1. How does World Systems Theory explain the global distribution of economic activities across core, semiperiphery, and periphery countries?

2. Why do companies locate quaternary and quinary sector jobs in core countries but manufacturing in semiperiphery countries?

3. What challenges do periphery countries face in attracting jobs beyond the primary sector?

1. What are GDP, GNP, and GNI and how do they differ in measuring a country's economic output?

2. How do per capita adjustments and purchasing power parity make economic comparisons between countries more useful?

3. Why is GDP per capita a better measure of wealth than total GDP when comparing countries?

1. What are the different classification systems for categorizing countries by development level?

2. How does the World Bank's income classification system improve upon other development categorization methods?

1. What is the difference between the formal and informal sectors of an economy?

2. Why do less-developed countries have higher percentages of workers in the informal sector?

3. How does energy consumption relate to economic development and what are the environmental consequences?

1. What is the Gini coefficient and what does it measure about income inequality?

2. How does the size of the middle class relate to income inequality and industrialization?

3. Why do periphery and semiperiphery countries typically have higher Gini coefficients than core countries?

1. How do the economic development levels and global GDP shares differ among Africa, Asia, and North America/Europe?

2. What policies did Japan, South Korea, and Singapore adopt that promoted economic prosperity?

3. Why is development often uneven within countries, with rural regions less developed than urban cores?

1. What social indicators reflect a country's level of development and how do they correlate with wealth?

2. How do total fertility rate, infant mortality rate, and life expectancy relate to economic development?

3. Why is literacy rate an important measure of development and what gender disparities exist?

1. What is the gender gap and in what areas of society do gender inequalities typically appear?

1. What three factors does the Gender Inequality Index measure and what do the scores indicate?

2. How do the GII scores and component data for Switzerland, the United States, and Yemen reveal differences in gender equity?

3. What patterns exist between women's parliamentary representation, education levels, and labor force participation?

1. What economic and social measures does the Human Development Index combine?

2. How can countries rank differently on HDI versus GNI per capita and what does this reveal about development priorities?

3. Why do some countries like Cuba rank higher in HDI than in income, while others like Qatar rank higher in income?

1. What cultural, educational, and economic barriers prevent women from fully participating in the economy?

2. What is the glass ceiling and how does it limit women's advancement in corporations and government?

3. What wage gap exists between men and women doing comparable work?

1. How have transnational corporations contributed to increased employment opportunities for women in developing countries?

2. Why have low birth rates in developed countries like Japan and Singapore increased demand for female workers?

3. How have increased educational opportunities for women affected their participation in the labor force?

1. What are microcredit programs and how have they empowered women to start or expand businesses?

2. How have microcredit programs affected birth rates, child mortality, and women's influence in their communities?

3. Why have microcredit programs achieved unusually high repayment rates?

1. How do the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals address gender equality and economic development?