1. How do nutrient levels in soil affect crop selection and agricultural practices?

2. What human techniques have been used to alter the physical environment and increase agricultural production?

1. What types of land are considered physically extreme and unsuitable for agriculture?

2. How can modern technology help overcome climatic obstacles to agriculture?

3. How do cultural and religious factors influence what animals farmers choose to raise?

1. What is the primary goal of subsistence agriculture and what limits subsistence farmers' ability to produce surplus?

2. How does commercial agriculture differ from subsistence agriculture in terms of goals and scale?

3. How do pastoral nomads in North Africa differ from cattle ranchers in the United States in terms of economic goals?

1. What is the difference between intensive and extensive agricultural practices in terms of inputs and yields?

2. How do intensive commercial agriculture and intensive subsistent agriculture differ in their use of labor and capital?

3. What are examples of extensive subsistent agriculture and where is it typically practiced?

1. What is pastoral nomadism and what animals do nomads in different regions rely on based on climate?

2. How does shifting cultivation differ from crop rotation and what is slash-and-burn agriculture?

3. What are plantation crops and why are plantations typically labor intensive?

4. How do mixed crop and livestock farming systems demonstrate interdependence between crops and animals?

5. What types of wheat are grown in different climates and where is each type produced?

6. What is commercial gardening and how has refrigerated transportation changed this agricultural practice?

7. How has the milk shed expanded and what changes have occurred in dairy farming in developed countries?

8. What crops are common in Mediterranean agriculture and what is transhumance?

9. How does livestock ranching differ from pastoral nomadism in terms of animal movement and commercial goals?

1. What are clustered settlements and what advantages did they provide to rural residents?

2. Why did North American farmers typically create dispersed settlements rather than clustered villages?

3. What is a linear settlement and what geographic features typically influence this settlement pattern?

1. How did Cyrus McCormick's mechanical reaper change agricultural labor needs and land-use patterns?

2. What was the British enclosure movement and how did it affect farm size and land ownership?

3. How did the Green Revolution change rural land use in regions previously thought unsuitable for agriculture?

1. What is the metes and bounds system and how were property boundaries described using this method?

2. How does the Public Land Survey System differ from the metes and bounds system in organizing land?

3. What is the French long-lot system and what advantage did it provide to farmers?

1. What were the five major agricultural hearths and where were they located?

2. What common characteristics did Carl Sauer identify in areas where agricultural hearths developed?

3. What animals were domesticated first and what purposes did they serve?

4. How did plant domestication begin and what is vegetative planting?

1. What is the Fertile Crescent and what crops and animals were domesticated there?

2. What is independent innovation and what are examples of crops domesticated independently in multiple regions?

3. What crops were unique to the Americas and how have they diffused globally?

1. How did agricultural hearths lead to the development of the first urban centers and civilizations?

2. What role did rivers play in supporting early agricultural settlements and civilizations?

3. How did increased agricultural productivity allow for specialization of labor and technological advancement?

4. What were the Silk Roads and what goods were traded along these routes?

1. What was the Columbian Exchange and what crops and animals were transferred between hemispheres?

2. How did crops from the Americas such as potatoes and maize become important globally?

3. What diseases were diffused during the Columbian Exchange and what was their impact on indigenous populations?

1. How did the Industrial Revolution and Second Agricultural Revolution change food production and distribution?

2. What role did Green Revolution scientists play in expanding agriculture to climatically restrictive regions?

1. Why do certain crops become associated with specific geographic locations even though they originated elsewhere?

2. How long can it take for new crops to be accepted by another culture and what example illustrates this?

3. What environmental factors affect whether a crop can be successfully grown in a new location?

4. Why is rubber production concentrated in Southeast Asia despite the crop originating in South America?