AP US Government AMSCO Guided Notes

5.16: Political Parties

AP US Government
AMSCO Guided Notes

AP US Government Guided Notes

AMSCO 5.16 - Political Parties

Essential Questions

  1. What role do linkage institutions play in political parties, and what effect do political parties have on the electorate and government?
  2. Why and how do political parties change and adapt?
  3. How do structural barriers impact third-party and independent candidate's success?
I. Linking People to Government

1. What are linkage institutions and how do political parties function as linkage institutions?

2. How do political parties both shape and reflect voters' political ideologies?

A. Impact on Voters and Policy

1. What influence do political parties have over candidate selection and legislative district drawing?

2. How do local party activities build social and political bonds between voters and the party?

B. Mobilization and Education of Voters

1. What methods do political parties use to mobilize and recruit new voters?

2. How do parties educate both voters and elected officials on key issues and party positions?

C. Creation of Party Platforms

1. What is a party platform and how do national party leaders balance ideology with electoral strategy?

2. How do national conventions allow different party factions to influence the final platform?

D. Platforms Appeal to Voters

1. How do political parties strategize to attract voters while maintaining their ideological principles?

E. Candidate Recruitment

1. What qualities do party officials seek in candidates and how do they recruit them?

2. Why do parties focus recruitment efforts on swing districts and safe districts?

F. Campaign Management

1. How do political parties manage the primary and general election processes differently?

2. What campaign activities do parties undertake to mobilize voters and win elections?

G. Fundraising and Media Strategy

1. What are the major sources of campaign funding and how do campaign finance laws limit party contributions?

2. Why is television advertising central to party media strategy and how are parties adapting to social media?

H. National Party Structure

1. What are the roles of the national chairperson and the Democratic and Republican National Committees?

2. What functions do Congressional Campaign Committees perform and how do they support party candidates?

I. Parties' Impact on Government

1. How do political parties influence government operations at the national, state, and local levels?

II. How and Why Political Parties Change and Adapt

1. How have political parties become more democratic and participatory over time?

A. Changing Political Parties

1. How did the early American party system evolve from factions to organized parties with formal structures?

2. What role did Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party play in expanding political participation?

B. Candidate-Centered Campaigns

1. How did television and social media shift political campaigns from party-centered to candidate-centered?

2. What are the consequences of candidate-centered campaigns for party control and party loyalty?

C. Appealing to Coalitions

1. What changes did the McGovern-Fraser Commission make to Democratic Party nomination procedures?

2. What are superdelegates and how have they affected the Democratic Party's nomination process?

D. Changes Influence Party Structure

1. How have campaign finance laws and communication technology shaped political party structure and operations?

E. Critical Elections and Realignments

1. What is a critical election and how does it lead to party realignment?

2. How did the 1860 election and the rise of the Republican Party represent a major realignment?

3. What coalition did Franklin Delano Roosevelt build in the 1930s and how did it reshape American politics?

F. Shifts Since the 1960s

1. How did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and subsequent policies cause a regional realignment in American politics?

2. What is party dealignment and how has it affected voter behavior and party loyalty since 1968?

3. How have the ideological positions of Democrats and Republicans shifted since the 1930s?

G. Campaign Finance Laws

1. What is the purpose of campaign finance laws and how do they regulate political contributions?

H. Changes in Communication and Data-Management Technology

1. How do political parties use data-management technology and voter databases to target and persuade voters?

2. What is the difference between demographic and psychographic segmentation in political campaigns?

I. Managing Political Messages and Outreach

1. How do candidates tailor their messages based on campaign timing and voter receptiveness?

2. What strategies do parties use to engage unaligned or apathetic voters?

III. Third-Party Politics

1. Why do third parties form and what types of third parties exist in American politics?

A. Third-Party and Independent Candidates

1. What is the difference between third parties and independent candidates in American politics?

B. Why Third Parties Form

1. What are ideological parties and what examples demonstrate how they form around consistent political principles?

2. How do splinter parties form and what impact can they have on major party elections?

3. What are economic-protest parties and single-issue parties, and what causes their formation?

C. Modern Third Parties

1. What level of electoral success have third-party candidates achieved in recent presidential elections?

D. Barriers to Third-Party Success

1. How does the single-member district system disadvantage third parties compared to proportional representation?

2. What financial and ballot access challenges do third-party candidates face?

3. How does the winner-take-all Electoral College system prevent third parties from winning the presidency?

E. Incorporation of Third-Party Agendas

1. How do major parties incorporate third-party ideas into their platforms and what positive changes have resulted?

2. What role do third parties play in American politics despite their inability to win elections?

Key Terms

Democratic Party

Democratic National Committee (DNC)

linkage institutions

national chairperson

national convention

platform

Republican Party

Republican National Committee (RNC)

robocalls

social media

war chest

critical elections

Democratic-Republicans

Democrats

divided government

Grand Old Party (GOP)

Jacksonian Democracy

Jeffersonians

McGovern-Fraser Commission

New Deal Coalition

party dealignment

party realignment

superdelegates

Whig Party

ballot access

economic-protest parties

ideological parties

single-issue parties

single-member districts

splinter parties

swing states

third parties

two-party system

winner-take-all voting