Substituted hydrocarbons

Definition

Substituted hydrocarbons are organic compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon are replaced by other atoms or groups of atoms. These substitutions alter the chemical properties and reactivity of the original hydrocarbon.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Substituted hydrocarbons can include functional groups such as halogens, hydroxyl groups, and amino groups.
2. The presence of substituted groups significantly affects the polarity and solubility of the molecule.
3. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are a common example, often used in industrial applications.
4. Aromatic hydrocarbons with substituents form an important class known as substituted benzenes, like toluene and xylene.
5. Substitution reactions involving hydrocarbons are key to synthesizing many pharmaceuticals and polymers.

Review Questions

Related terms

Functional Group: A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a particular compound.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons containing benzene rings with alternating double bonds.

Polarity:

The distribution of electrical charge over the atoms joined by the bond.