Committee on Civil Rights

The Committee on Civil Rights was a presidential advisory body created by Truman in 1946 to investigate racial discrimination; its 1947 report, To Secure These Rights, recommended federal action against segregation and helped launch the executive branch's role in the early civil rights movement (APUSH Topic 8.6).

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What is the Committee on Civil Rights?

The Committee on Civil Rights (formally the President's Committee on Civil Rights) was created by President Harry Truman in 1946 to investigate the state of civil rights in America and recommend ways to protect them. After World War II, Black veterans came home from fighting fascism abroad only to face segregation, voter suppression, and racial violence at home. Truman responded by putting the weight of the presidency behind the problem.

The committee's 1947 report, To Secure These Rights, called for federal action against lynching, an end to the poll tax, and desegregation of the armed forces. Congress didn't act on most of it, but Truman did. In 1948 he issued Executive Order 9981 desegregating the military, a direct follow-through on the committee's recommendations. That sequence (investigation, report, executive action) is exactly what the CED means when it says the federal government used measures like 'desegregation of the armed services' to promote racial equality.

Why the Committee on Civil Rights matters in APUSH

This term lives in Topic 8.6, Early Steps in the Civil Rights Movement (1940s and 1950s), inside Unit 8. It directly supports learning objective APUSH 8.6.A, which asks you to explain how and why civil rights movements developed and expanded from 1945 to 1960. The essential knowledge for 8.6.A says all three branches of the federal government took action toward racial equality, and the Committee on Civil Rights is your go-to evidence for the executive branch doing that, years before the Supreme Court decided Brown v. Board in 1954. It also connects to a bigger thread the CED names explicitly. Activists in this era were 'seeking to fulfill Reconstruction-era promises,' and the committee's report basically documented how badly those promises had been broken. For the full picture of this period, head up to the Topic 8.6 study guide.

How the Committee on Civil Rights connects across the course

Executive Order 9981 (Unit 8)

This is the committee's recommendations becoming real policy. The committee said desegregate the military in 1947, and Truman did it by executive order in 1948. Think of the committee as the diagnosis and EO 9981 as the treatment.

Brown v. Board of Education (Unit 8)

The CED pairs these as examples of different federal branches acting on civil rights. The committee shows the executive branch moving in 1946-1948, while Brown shows the judicial branch striking down school segregation in 1954. Together they prove civil rights progress in this era came from Washington as well as from activists.

Reconstruction-era promises (Unit 5)

The 14th and 15th Amendments promised equal protection and voting rights back in the 1860s and 1870s. The committee's report essentially audited those promises eighty years later and found them unfulfilled. This is a classic long-term continuity link for essays spanning Periods 5 through 8.

Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Unit 8)

Much of what the committee recommended in 1947, like federal protection against discrimination, didn't become law until 1964. The committee marks the slow start of a federal push that took nearly two decades to produce major legislation, which is the CED's point that 'progress toward racial equality was slow.'

Is the Committee on Civil Rights on the APUSH exam?

Multiple-choice questions typically ask what the committee reflected or led to, not for trivia about its membership. A typical stem looks like 'Truman's 1946 Committee on Civil Rights most directly reflected which development?' The answer you're looking for involves growing federal (especially executive) involvement in civil rights after World War II, often tied to Black veterans' activism and Cold War pressures. For short-answer and essay questions, the committee is strong specific evidence for two moves: showing that the federal government, not just grassroots activists, drove early civil rights progress, and building a continuity argument that links Reconstruction's unfulfilled promises to postwar federal action. No released FRQ has used this term verbatim, but it pairs naturally with Executive Order 9981 and Brown v. Board in any 1945-1960 civil rights essay.

The Committee on Civil Rights vs Executive Order 9981

The Committee on Civil Rights (1946) was an advisory body that investigated discrimination and recommended action in its 1947 report. Executive Order 9981 (1948) was the actual policy that desegregated the armed forces. The committee suggested; the executive order did. On the exam, keep the order straight too. Committee first, report second, desegregation order third.

Key things to remember about the Committee on Civil Rights

  • President Truman created the Committee on Civil Rights in 1946 to investigate racial discrimination and recommend federal solutions.

  • Its 1947 report, To Secure These Rights, called for anti-lynching laws, an end to the poll tax, and desegregation of the military.

  • The committee led directly to Executive Order 9981 in 1948, which desegregated the armed forces.

  • It is your best evidence that the executive branch acted on civil rights before the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board decision in 1954.

  • The committee fits the CED's framing of activists and leaders 'seeking to fulfill Reconstruction-era promises,' making it a strong continuity link back to Period 5.

  • Congress ignored most of the report's recommendations, which supports the CED's point that progress toward racial equality was slow.

Frequently asked questions about the Committee on Civil Rights

What was the Committee on Civil Rights in APUSH?

It was a presidential advisory body Truman created in 1946 to investigate racial discrimination in the U.S. Its 1947 report, To Secure These Rights, recommended federal action against segregation and racial violence, and it shows up in APUSH Topic 8.6 as an early federal step in the civil rights movement.

Did the Committee on Civil Rights actually desegregate the military?

No. The committee only recommended desegregation in its 1947 report. Truman's Executive Order 9981, issued in 1948, is what actually desegregated the armed forces. The committee advised; the executive order acted.

How is the Committee on Civil Rights different from Executive Order 9981?

The committee (1946) was an investigative body that produced a report with recommendations, while Executive Order 9981 (1948) was binding policy that ended segregation in the military. Remember the cause-and-effect order: committee, then report, then executive order.

Why did Truman create the Committee on Civil Rights?

Black veterans returning from World War II faced segregation and violence after fighting for democracy abroad, and Cold War rivals pointed to American racism as hypocrisy. Truman responded in 1946 by putting executive power behind investigating civil rights abuses.

Is the Committee on Civil Rights on the AP exam?

Yes, it falls under Topic 8.6 and learning objective APUSH 8.6.A, which covers how civil rights movements developed from 1945 to 1960. It usually appears in multiple-choice stems asking what Truman's action reflected, and it works as evidence in essays about federal involvement in early civil rights progress.