Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated August 2025
Verified for the 2027 exam
Verified for the 2027 exam•Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated August 2025
Definition
Mathematical notation and calculation methods (including Hindu-Arabic numerals) transferred from Islamic and Asian regions to Europe through Mongol-era trade and contact networks.
AP course connection
Topic 2.2: 2.2 The Mongol Empire and the Making of the Modern World