Encoding Failure in AP Psychology

Definition

Encoding failure refers to the inability to effectively store or retrieve information in long-term memory due to a failure in the initial encoding process. It occurs when information is not properly processed and transferred from short-term memory to long-term memory.

Theoretical Perspectives

Encoding Failure

Study And Research Findings

Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve illustrates how quickly memory fades without reinforcement, implying potential encoding failures during initial learning stages.

Related terms

Retrieval Failure:

Retrieval failure happens when stored information cannot be accessed or retrieved from long-term memory, even though it was successfully encoded. An example could be experiencing tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, where you know that you know something, but can't quite recall it.

Decay Theory:

Decay theory suggests that memories fade or decay over time if they are not used or reinforced through retrieval practice. It's like an unused muscle that weakens over time.

Interference:

Interference occurs when new or old memories interfere with the retrieval of other memories. Proactive interference happens when old memories disrupt the recall of new information, while retroactive interference occurs when new memories hinder recalling older information.