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過疎化(かそか) in AP Japanese Language and Culture
Written by the Fiveable Content Team
Verified for the 2027 exam
Verified for the 2027 exam•Written by the Fiveable Content Team
Definition
過疎化とは、地方の農村部や山間部などで人口が継続的に減少し、地域社会の維持が困難になっていく現象を指す。交通の分野では、過疎化によって公共交通機関の利用者が減り、バス路線や鉄道の廃線が進むという悪循環が生じている。この問題は日本の少子高齢化と密接に関連しており、地域の存続そのものに関わる深刻な課題だ。
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
- 過疎化が進む地域では、若者が都市部へ流出し、高齢者だけが残るケースが多い。
- 利用者の減少により採算が取れなくなったバス路線や鉄道が廃止されるケースが増えている。
- 過疎化と交通インフラの衰退は相互に影響し合い、地域の衰退を加速させる。
- 日本政府や自治体は過疎地域への交通支援策として、コミュニティバスや乗り合いタクシーの導入を進めている。
- 過疎化は交通問題だけでなく、医療・教育・商業施設の撤退など、地域生活全般に影響を与える。
Review Questions
- What is 過疎化 (kasoka), and how does it create a vicious cycle in rural transportation?
- 過疎化 is the ongoing depopulation of rural areas as residents, especially young people, move to cities. Fewer residents mean fewer public transit riders, making routes financially unviable and leading to cancellations, which in turn makes the area less livable and accelerates further population decline.
- How is 過疎化 connected to Japan's demographic challenges?
- 過疎化 is closely linked to Japan's declining birthrate and aging population (少子高齢化). As fewer children are born and young adults leave for urban opportunities, rural communities are left with aging populations that are increasingly dependent on public services, including transportation.
- What policy responses have Japanese local governments adopted to address transportation problems caused by 過疎化?
- Some local governments have introduced community buses (コミュニティバス) and shared-ride taxis to provide basic mobility for residents in areas where conventional bus or rail service has been discontinued, though these solutions vary in effectiveness and funding sustainability.
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