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Das Bauhaus in AP German Language and Culture
Definition
Das Bauhaus war eine einflussreiche Kunst- und Designschule, die von 1919 bis 1933 in Deutschland bestand. Sie wurde von Walter Gropius gegründet und verfolgte das Prinzip, dass Kunst, Handwerk und Technik zusammengehören. Das Leitprinzip lautete sinngemäß: Form follows function – also die Form eines Objekts soll seiner Funktion folgen.
This definition is part of Fiveable's AP German Language and Culture review, which also has guided practice questions.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
- Das Bauhaus wurde 1919 von Walter Gropius in Weimar gegründet und zog später nach Dessau und Berlin um.
- Das Bauhausgebäude in Dessau (1926) ist ein UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe und gilt als Musterbeispiel der architektonischen Moderne.
- Die Nationalsozialisten schlossen das Bauhaus 1933 und bezeichneten seinen Stil als 'entartet'.
- Viele Bauhaus-Lehrkräfte emigrierten in die USA und verbreiteten dort den Modernismus weiter.
- Im Jahr 2019 feierte Deutschland den 100. Jahrestag des Bauhauses mit Ausstellungen im ganzen Land.
Review Questions
- What was the central design philosophy of the Bauhaus, and how is it visible in the Bauhausgebäude in Dessau?
- The Bauhaus followed the principle of 'form follows function,' meaning that a building's appearance should serve its practical purpose. This is visible in the Bauhausgebäude through its large glass surfaces, clean geometric forms, and complete absence of decorative ornamentation.
- Why did the Nazi regime shut down the Bauhaus in 1933, and what does this reveal about the relationship between architecture and politics?
- The Nazis condemned the Bauhaus as 'entartet' (degenerate) because its modernist, internationalist aesthetic was seen as incompatible with National Socialist ideology. This demonstrates that architectural styles can be politically charged and that governments may suppress certain styles when they perceive them as embodying the wrong values.
- How did the forced closure of the Bauhaus affect the spread of modernist architecture internationally?
- When the Bauhaus closed, many of its faculty emigrated to the United States, where they continued to teach and practice modernist design principles. This diaspora helped spread Bauhaus ideas globally, making the school's influence far broader than it might have been had it remained only in Germany.
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