LOAEL (Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level): The LOAEL is the lowest tested dose or exposure level at which adverse effects are observed during a study.
Threshold: A threshold refers to the point below which no harmful effects occur. In terms of toxicity, it represents the lowest exposure level where adverse effects start appearing.
Margin of Safety: Margin of safety is an important concept used in risk assessment, which compares the estimated safe dose or exposure level to the actual dose or exposure level experienced by individuals.