Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB)

Definition

Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a form of tuberculosis caused by bacteria that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the two most effective first-line drugs. MDR-TB poses significant treatment challenges and requires longer, more complex therapy.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. MDR-TB arises due to improper use of antibiotics or incomplete TB treatment.
2. It requires the use of second-line drugs, which are often more toxic and less effective.
3. Diagnosis typically involves molecular tests like Xpert MTB/RIF or culture-based methods.
4. MDR-TB treatment can last up to 20-24 months compared to the usual 6-9 months for drug-sensitive TB.
5. Global health organizations classify MDR-TB as a major public health issue due to its potential for widespread transmission.

Related terms

Mycobacterium tuberculosis:

The bacterium that causes tuberculosis, an infectious disease primarily affecting the lungs.

Isoniazid:

A first-line antitubercular drug used in the treatment of TB, often in combination with other medications.

Rifampin:

Another key first-line antitubercular medication used in treating both latent and active TB infections.