Backing

Definition

Backing refers to the additional support or evidence that strengthens a claim in an argument. It serves to provide further justification for the warrant, which connects the claim to the evidence presented. Backing is essential in enhancing the credibility of an argument, ensuring that the reasoning is not only based on personal belief but is grounded in reliable sources or facts.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Backing provides the necessary support that enhances the validity of the claim by offering authoritative sources or relevant data.
2. In Toulmin's model, backing is crucial because it addresses potential objections and strengthens the overall argument by demonstrating thorough research.
3. Without adequate backing, a claim can be seen as weak or unsubstantiated, making it easier for opponents to dismiss the argument.
4. The type of backing used can vary greatly, including expert opinions, statistical data, historical facts, and case studies, tailored to the context of the argument.
5. Effective use of backing not only solidifies claims but also helps persuade the audience by appealing to their sense of logic and reason.

Review Questions

• How does backing enhance the credibility of a claim within an argument?
  • Backing enhances credibility by providing additional evidence or authoritative support that justifies the claim being made. It helps to reinforce the connection between the claim and the warrant, making it clear that the assertion is not merely opinion but is based on reliable sources or factual information. This added layer of support can address potential counterarguments, thus strengthening the overall argument.
• In what ways can different types of backing affect the persuasiveness of an argument?
  • Different types of backing can significantly impact how persuasive an argument is perceived to be. For instance, statistical data may appeal more to an audience focused on empirical evidence, while expert testimonials may resonate with those who value credibility and authority. The effectiveness of backing also relies on its relevance to the claim being made; irrelevant or weak backing can detract from persuasiveness, while strong, pertinent backing can bolster an argument's effectiveness.
• Evaluate how inadequate backing might lead to a weak argument and discuss its implications for effective communication.
  • Inadequate backing can lead to a weak argument by leaving claims unsupported or unsubstantiated, making them easy targets for criticism or rejection. This weakness undermines effective communication because it prevents audiences from fully trusting or believing in the argument being presented. Without sufficient backing, arguments may appear biased or based solely on personal opinion rather than factual evidence, which can diminish persuasive power and hinder meaningful dialogue.

Related terms

Claim: A statement or assertion that can be argued or supported with evidence in an argument.

Warrant: The logical connection that links the claim and the evidence, showing why the evidence supports the claim.

Evidence: The data or information presented in support of a claim, which can include statistics, examples, or testimonials.