John Dryden

Definition

John Dryden was a prominent English poet, playwright, and literary critic of the 17th century, recognized as one of the leading figures of the Restoration period. He is notable for his contributions to the development of English drama, particularly in his adoption of classical unities and themes from classical antiquity, which align with neo-classical ideals emphasizing order, decorum, and reason in literature.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Dryden served as the first Poet Laureate of England in 1668, reflecting his significant influence on English literature during his time.
2. He is known for his satirical works, including 'Absalom and Achitophel,' which commented on contemporary political events and figures.
3. His play 'All for Love' is a classic example of Restoration tragedy that follows the principles of neo-classical drama.
4. Dryden's critical essays laid the groundwork for modern literary criticism, particularly in his defense of poetry and the role of the poet in society.
5. He was instrumental in shaping the English language and is credited with coining phrases and popularizing many expressions still used today.

Review Questions

• How did John Dryden's works reflect neo-classical principles in literature?
  • John Dryden's works showcased neo-classical principles by incorporating classical themes, structured forms, and an emphasis on reason and decorum. He adopted the classical unities of time, place, and action in his plays to create a sense of order. His use of heroic couplets further illustrated these principles by providing a rhythm that enhanced clarity and elegance in expression. Through these elements, Dryden not only entertained but also aimed to instruct his audience on moral and ethical matters.
• In what ways did Dryden's role as a literary critic contribute to the development of English literature during the Restoration period?
  • Dryden's role as a literary critic was pivotal during the Restoration period as he established critical standards that influenced writers and playwrights. His essays advocated for clarity, coherence, and moral purpose in literature, which shaped how future generations approached writing. By articulating ideas about aesthetics and morality in literature, he encouraged authors to strive for excellence in their craft. This emphasis on literary quality contributed to a more refined and sophisticated body of English literature that aligned with neo-classical ideals.
• Evaluate the significance of John Dryden's contributions to both poetry and drama within the context of neo-classical influences on English literature.
  • John Dryden's contributions to poetry and drama are significant as they exemplify the essence of neo-classical influences within English literature. His use of structured forms like heroic couplets allowed him to convey complex ideas with clarity while adhering to classical traditions. In drama, Dryden's integration of classical unities and tragic themes reflected a desire for intellectual rigor and moral instruction. By bridging the gap between past traditions and contemporary thought, Dryden not only solidified his own legacy but also set a benchmark for future writers striving to achieve balance between artistic expression and philosophical inquiry.

Related terms

Restoration Drama: The genre of English theater that emerged after the monarchy was restored in 1660, characterized by its use of elaborate staging, witty dialogue, and a focus on the complexities of human relationships.

Heroic Couplet: A form of poetry consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentameter, which Dryden used extensively in his works to convey moral and philosophical ideas.

Neo-Classicism: An artistic movement that sought inspiration from the classical art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome, emphasizing harmony, clarity, and adherence to traditional forms.